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TBI and Concussion: Signs & Symptoms

Signs and Symptoms

A concussion or traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head that can change the way the brain normally works. Concussions can also occur from a fall or a blow to the body that causes the head and brain to move quickly back and forth. Concussions may be described as a "mild" brain injury because they are usually not life-threatening. Even so, their effects can be serious.

When A Concussion Occurs

If you think you or someone you know has sustained a TBI, contact your healthcare professional. Getting help as soon as possible after the injury may decrease recovery time. BHERI also recommends starting the Omega-3 protocol as soon as possible after the injury occurs.

Concussion in Athletes

If you suspect a concussion in an athlete, implement the 4-step action plan:

1. Remove the athlete from play. Look for signs and symptoms of a concussion (see above chart). Remove the athlete from play immediately.

2. See that the athlete is evaluated by a healthcare professional experienced in evaluating for concussion. Do not judge the severity of the injury yourself. As a coach, parent, or guardian, record the following information to help healthcare professionals in assessing the athlete after the injury.

  • Cause of the injury and force of the hit or blow to the head
  • Any loss of consciousness (passed out/knocked out) and if so, for how long
  • Any memory loss immediately following the injury
  • Any seizures immediately following the injury
  • Number of previously sustained concussions (if any)

3. If they are not present, inform the athlete's parent or guardian as soon as possible. Be sure they understand the signs and symptoms to watch out for, and that the athlete is evaluated for concussion.

4. Keep the athlete out of play until a healthcare professional, experienced in evaluating for concussion, says they are symptom-free and okay to return to play. A repeat concussion that occurs before the athlete fully recovers from the first- usually within a short period of time (hours, days, weeks)- can slow recovery or increase the likelihood of having long-term problems. In rare cases, repeat concussions can lead to edema (swelling of the brain), permanent brain damage, and even death.

Tips to Aid in Recovery

  • Rest- don't rush back into daily activites
  • Sleep- for kids, this includes no late nights or sleepovers
  • Avoid engaging in activities that could cause another blow to the head
  • Ask your healthcare professional for advice on when to return to driving or using heavy equipment. Reaction time could be delayed after a head injury.
  • Take only the drugs that your healthcare professional approves. Do not drink alcohol until approved to do so.
  • Avoid sustained computer use, including video games early in the recovery process
  • When cleared to do so, return to your normal activities gradually, not all at once